The last of a total of 14 international contingents recently left the 117th Air Base of the Greek Armed Forces in Andravida on the western Peloponnese. Since the end of March, they have been taking part in the 11th edition of the multinational exercise “Iniochos” – named after the ancient charioteer. According to the Hellenic Air Force (HAF), more aircraft were deployed than ever before: around 70 aircraft from twelve nations were involved in the intensive two-week training program – and Militär Aktuell was right in the middle of it, not just there.
As part of the proven “Single Base Concept”, all aircraft operated from Andravida. The hosts provided three day and night waves of four aircraft each day, which acted as enemy forces (“Red Air#). Among others, the following were deployed:
- F-4E Phantom of the traditional 338th Squadron,
- deployed Mirage 2000EG and Rafale jets,
- as well as F-16C/Ds from various HAF bases, such as the 116th Air Force Base in Araxos.
Support was also provided by transport and training aircraft as well as helicopters from the Greek army and navy.
High-tech debriefing & new virtual dimension
HAF relies on state-of-the-art analysis tools for “Iniochos”: GPS tracking, Link-16 data transmission and simulated weapon deployment evaluation ensure precise mission feedback. This creates a realistic training environment that simulates the requirements of modern air warfare. The exercise develops in complexity over 14 days – with dynamic, multi-dimensional scenarios that demand maximum operational readiness from all participants.
One innovation this year: the HAF’s new Synthetic Training Squadron. With the help of tactical F-16 simulators, it brings a virtual component to the training activities, significantly expanding the training options.
Unique variety of types in Andravida
Although you come across models such as the Eurofighter Typhoon, F-35 or Saab Gripen are regularly encountered during international exercises – including the “Ramstein Flag 2024”, which is also held in Andravida (-> Military News at the “Ramstein Flag 2024”) – but “Iniochos 2025” offered a unique combination of state-of-the-art fighter jets and proven classics.
A highlight and at the same time a premiere: Qatar took part for the first time with four brand new Boeing F-15QA Ababil from Al-Udeid – currently one of the most modern fighter models in the world.
In addition, the following nations arrived with a remarkable range of aircraft types:
- France: modernized Dassault Mirage 2000D RMV,
- USA: F-16 of the US Air Force Reserve from Homestead/Florida, Aggressor squadron from Nellis, as well as KC-46 and KC-135 tanker aircraft,
- United Arab Emirates: Mirage 2000-9,
- India: Su-30MKI, Il-78 tanker and C-17 transporter,
- Spain: aged F/A-18 Hornet from Gando (Canary Islands),
- Israel: AEW/SIGINT platform G-550 Eitan,
- Italy: Tornado-ECR,
- Montenegro: Bell 412,
- Poland: F-16C/D,
- Slovenia: PC-9M.
Cyprus provided support with technical personnel, while Slovakia and Bahrain sent observer teams.
And Austria almost took part too: Militär Aktuell discovered the red-white-red flag on the official exercise subject and made enquiries in Vienna. More on this towards the end.
Ever faster pace – VIP visit and clear words on the change in warfare
A highlight of “Iniochos 2025” was the official VIP day, where the Chief of the General Staff of the HAF, Lieutenant General Dimosthenis Grigoriadis, and the Chief of Staff of the Hellenic Armed Forces, General Dimitris Skoupis, welcomed high-ranking guests. Among the special visitors were:
- the ambassadors of the United Arab Emirates, India, Spain and Slovenia,
- High-ranking military representatives from the USA, Italy and Poland,
- Delegations from the air forces of France, Qatar, Israel, Spain and the UAE,
- and the commander of the Cypriot Air Force, Brigadier General Georgios Alexandrou.
“I am delighted that we have the environment, the airspace and the level of training to be able to carry out an exercise of this quality.”
Generalleutnant Dimosthenis Grigoriadis
Grigoriadis: “The pace is crucial”
In his opening speech, Grigoriadis emphasized the strategic importance of “Iniochos” and the international interest in the exercise: “I am pleased that we have the environment, the airspace and the level of training to conduct an exercise of this quality. Year after year, the number of nations that want to take part is growing – this shows the value that ‘Iniochos’ has worldwide.”
A particular focus was on lessons learned from current conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine (-> current news from the Ukraine war) and the situation in the Middle East: “Our scenarios are becoming increasingly rich, based on real developments. But what we need more than ever is a higher operational tempo. We need to be able to move seamlessly from a crisis situation to a war scenario and integrate this dynamic into our exercise planning.”
Pride in level of training and international proximity
Grigoriadis emphasized that the Greek infrastructure in Andravida also enables logistically complex participations such as those of the Indian Air Force with its Su-30MKI: “This speaks for the high logistical and infrastructural level that we offer here – and of which we can be proud.”
In an almost philosophical interlude, he then reflected on the global commonality of air forces: “Air forces around the world think alike – we all go through comparable training systems, mostly according to NATO– or US standards. Even if nations like India start with different foundations, we are on an equal footing in terms of ability.” A possible reference to the fact that in India, Su-30 crews are trained both as pilots and as Weapon System Officers, unlike the specialization in Western air forces.
Wide range of applications trained
The high-value exercise simulated a broad spectrum of modern deployment scenarios. It ranged from offensive and defensive air defense operations to strategic air strikes and coordinated participation in land and naval forces. The demanding training environment was supplemented by realistic reconnaissance flights, combat scenarios for search and rescue missions, time-critical target acquisition and measures to protect high-ranking air transport.
Valuable – also from an Indian perspective
As was already clear between the lines, the participants from the 8th Squadron from Bareilly almost became the “secret star” of “Iniochos 2025”. The Indian Air Force (IAF) memorabilia stall was almost too crowded to cope with, especially during the highly frequented international photo day, which was attended by more than 900 spotters from all over the world. There, pilots and staff officers – who, for reasons of discretion, did not wish to be named – were visibly proud of the growing role of the IAF in an international context.
The exercise is regarded by the Indian side as tactically demanding and diplomatically valuable. It enables operational capabilities to be refined under realistic conditions, interoperability with European partners to be strengthened and military understanding to be expanded through exchanges with other air forces. Particular emphasis was placed on the knowledge gained from the joint planning and execution of complex air operations, as well as the insight into the best practices of other nations.
The Indian side also emphasized the importance of the tanker deployment by the Il-78 (-> India’s tanker dilemma: between old Il-78s and leased solutions) was emphasized. Their contribution increases operational flexibility and enables long-range missions such as those simulated by “Iniochos” – a key component for scenarios with high operational intensity and duration. In the context of modern air warfare, this is an indispensable element.
Of particular interest to the Indian delegation was also the direct interaction with other high-end platforms – such as the Greek Rafale, which is also operated by the IAF, and the F-15QA Ababil from Qatar. According to the squadron, such encounters provide important reference points for evaluating their own systems and tactics.
More than training – strategic signals
India’s presence at “Iniochos” also sends military diplomatic signals. It underlines New Delhi’s growing interest in global security cooperation – not only with traditional partners in Asia, but increasingly also with countries in the Mediterranean region and Europe. Participation serves to build trust, strengthen bilateral relations and demonstrate a visible commitment to the international security architecture.
This form of engagement – thousands of kilometers away from the home base – also demonstrates the operational reach of the IAF. The ability to deploy and supply forces over long distances is a key competence in the face of growing global interests and geopolitical volatility. In this sense, the Indian Air Force’s presence at “Iniochos 2025” fits seamlessly with the foreign policy objectives of a strategically expanding India.
Problem factor Israel: Political tensions despite military cooperation
For “Iniochos 2025”, the simultaneous participation of Israeli and Arab armed forces meant a delicate premiere. The Israeli Air Force (Heyl Ha’Avir) was represented by a Gulfstream G550 Eitam from Nevatim – a state-of-the-art early warning and SIGINT aircraft. But behind the scenes, the participation caused diplomatic irritation.
According to the Israeli military journalist Itay Blumenthal and a report on Israel’s Channel 10, Israel was annoyed when it discovered the full list of participants on the official website of the Greek Air Force – particularly because discretion had been requested in advance. Above all, the parallel mention of Qatar, which is known for its links to Hamas, was met with incomprehension in Tel Aviv.
Despite the failed attempt at secrecy, Israeli, Emirati and Qatari units trained in the same airspace, took part in joint briefings and worked side by side in simulated operational scenarios. This continued on a tactical level what is still treated with great caution on the diplomatic stage.
Unexpected consequences – Austria’s last-minute withdrawal
Through no fault of its own, Israel also got caught up in a political sideshow that caused Austria’s participation in the exercise to fall through at the last minute. A small contingent of air forces, special forces and intelligence services – around ten people – would have taken part in the exercise. The preparations had been completed, hotels booked and agreement reached with Greece.
But then the main committee of the Austrian National Council surprisingly refused to give its approval. The reason: Israel’s participation in the exercise. Due to the ongoing Gaza conflict following the Hamas massacre in 2023, Israel was officially considered to be “belligerent” – which, in the committee’s view, was incompatible with Austria’s commitment to neutrality.
According to internal information, the MPs were previously unaware that Israel was taking part in “Iniochos” – a “tip-off from army circles” about the Eitam’s flight may have been decisive. The irony of it all: Austria – including its ambassador – was still fully represented in 2024 (-> See also the commentary by Militär Aktuell author Martin Rosenkranz).
The future of Andravida and Iniochos – farewell in stages
The unmistakable sound of the Greek F-4E Phantom – once again a crowd-puller at “Iniochos 2025” and the source of numerous “Spooky” souvenirs – is likely to fade away soon. Between 1997 and 2005, a total of 36 aircraft were extensively modernized by the then DASA (later EADS) and equipped with Litening target pods. But their chapter is drawing to a close: of the original 121 aircraft, only around eleven are still operational and their final fate is uncertain.
Because with the planned deployment of the F-35 from 2028 (-> Lockheed: Greece becomes 19th F-35 nation), the 117th Andravida Air Base is facing a structural upheaval. Extensive construction work is required to accommodate the stealth fighters – originally announced for this year, but with no visible progress so far. Nevertheless, Air Chief Dimosthenis Grigoriadis confirmed that “Iniochos 2026” will take place in Andravida for the last time. From 2027, the exercise will then be moved to Araxos.
If Phantom crews are still available at that time – some are already due to transfer to the USA for F-35 training in 2026 – the remaining aircraft could be temporarily relocated to another base. However, it is more likely that the last “Rhinos” will find their way into museums or as monuments on horizon trips.
One last appearance for some classics
Greece is not the only country on the brink of a generational change: some iconic types from the ranks of this year’s exercise participants will also soon have to say goodbye. The United Arab Emirates, for example, are planning to replace their Mirage 2000-9Es of the 1st Fighter Group from Al Dhafra with Rafale jets as early as next year. The 2000s are to be handed over to Morocco – which will probably mark the last time that French Mirage jets from three countries (UAE, France, Greece) will be seen together on an exercise.
The Italian Tornado ECRs from Ghedi will also be increasingly decommissioned over the next few years – their appearance at “Iniochos” was therefore one of the last opportunities to experience this type in a multinational network.
Notes for photographers: Spotting around Andravida
As every year, in the days before and during “Iniochos”, numerous plane spotters cavort with their rental vehicles along the orange groves in the approach area of runway 34. The position of the sun dictates the route, and those who adhere to the informal rules can pursue their passion there in peace and quiet.
Taking photos directly at the base fence, on the other hand, is neither necessary nor welcome. Despite modern focal lengths and lenses, some still try – with predictable results: anyone who does not leave the area after being politely requested to do so by the base commander can expect the police to appear. Such an incident occurred again this year. An appeal to all spotters: respect the distancing zones and the positive atmosphere around Andravida will be maintained.
Low-level gold: The Vouraikos Gorge
A particular highlight – albeit highly dependent on chance – are the low-level flights through the Vouraikos Gorge, a so-called low-level area in the north of the Achaia region, not far from Kalavryta. If you want to catch this spectacle, it is best to turn off the Athens-Patras highway at Diakopto and follow the country road for around 26 kilometers into the mountains.
Once at the top, it is worth visiting the superbly situated mountain inn “Grand Chalet”From its terrace, you can take impressive photos in the morning in a relaxed environment. The more adventurous can venture a steep descent to a rocky outcrop a few kilometers ahead. The spot is narrow, but offers spectacular perspectives – with a favorable flight path and almost without the use of long telephoto lenses. A slightly longer focus is only recommended a few seconds before flying past or when using the afterburner.
However, the canyon is not a guaranteed hotspot. Who, when and whether anyone flies through depends on many factors – not least the weather. According to a Greek security officer, the use of this flight corridor is only decided at the weather briefing directly before the start of the mission. Although it is often planned for the next day, it is only actually used depending on the situation.
Experience has shown that the best opportunities for action are in the two days before the start of the exercise, when the participating nations carry out their familiarization flights. The same applies during the exercise itself: week one is usually more productive than week two.
